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Altitude affects pulmonary function tests primarily due to the changes in atmospheric pressure and the resulting decrease in oxygen availability. At higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower, which means that the partial pressure of oxygen in the air is reduced. This decrease in available oxygen can lead to a lower diffusion capacity in the lungs and affect the overall lung function.

When conducting pulmonary function tests such as FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second) and FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), a lower atmospheric pressure at high altitudes can result in reduced respiratory flow rates and lung volumes. This is because the lungs may not be able to expand fully or effectively exchange gases under these conditions, leading to potential reductions in these measured values.

In summary, decreased atmospheric pressure at altitude negatively impacts FEV1 and FVC values due to the physiological challenges it presents for effective breathing and gas exchange in the lungs. Understanding this relationship is crucial for interpreting pulmonary function tests in patients who live or are tested at high altitudes.