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The critical measurement for calibrating a blood gas analyzer is CO2 concentration. This is because the analyzer must accurately measure the levels of various gases in the blood, especially carbon dioxide, to evaluate respiratory function and acid-base balance in patients. CO2 is a key component in assessing the effectiveness of ventilation, as it directly relates to the elimination of carbon dioxide from the body.

When calibrating the analyzer, specific concentrations of CO2 are used to ensure the device provides accurate readings under clinical conditions. This allows healthcare providers to make informed decisions based on the patient's respiratory status. The other options, while they may be relevant to overall respiratory function, do not serve the same critical role in the calibration of blood gas analyzers. Oxygen saturation, nitrogen levels, and carbon monoxide levels are important for different diagnostic purposes but do not have the same direct impact on the calibration processes for blood gas measurements.