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The primary purpose of using a peak flow meter is to assess high flow rates, which is crucial for monitoring a patient's ability to expel air from their lungs during forced expiration. This device measures the maximum speed of expiration, helping to indicate how open the airways are and whether they may be obstructed. This information is especially valuable for individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions, as it can assist in determining the effectiveness of treatment and managing their condition.

While lung capacity, airway resistance, and respiratory rate are important aspects of respiratory function, they are not directly measured by a peak flow meter. Lung capacity is typically assessed through spirometry, airway resistance can be estimated using other pulmonary function tests, and respiratory rate is monitored through observation or other methods. Thus, assessing high flow rates provides specific and actionable information regarding airway function, making it the correct answer.